Diabetes mellitus

Overview Type 2 diabetes is a condition that happens because of a problem in the way the body regulates and uses sugar as a fuel. That sugar also is called glucose. This long-term condition results in too much sugar circulating in the blood. Eventually, high blood sugar levels can lead to disorders of the circulatory, nervous and immune systems. In type 2 diabetes, there are primarily two problems. The pancreas does not produce enough insulin — a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into the cells. And cells respond poorly to insulin and take in less sugar. Type 2 diabetes used to be known as adult-onset diabetes, but both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can begin during childhood and adulthood. Type 2 is more common in older adults. But the increase in the number of children with obesity has led to more cases of type 2 diabetes in younger people. There's no cure for type 2 diabetes. Losing weight, eating well and exercising can help manage the disease. If diet and exercise aren't enough to control blood sugar, diabetes medications or insulin therapy may be recommended. Symptoms Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly. In fact, you can be living with type 2 diabetes for years and not know it. When symptoms are present, they may include: • Increased thirst. • Frequent urination. • Increased hunger. • Unintended weight loss. • Fatigue. • Blurred vision. • Slow-healing sores. • Frequent infections. • Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet. • Areas of darkened s...

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What is Diabetes? What is diabetes? Diabetes is a condition that happens when your blood sugar (glucose) is too high. It develops when your Glucose (sugar) mainly comes from When glucose is in your bloodstream, it needs help — a “key” — to reach its final destination. This key is insulin (a Over time, having consistently high blood glucose can cause health problems, such as The technical name for diabetes is diabetes mellitus. Another condition shares the term “diabetes” — What are the types of diabetes? There are several types of diabetes. The most common forms include: • Type 2 diabetes: With this type, your body doesn’t make enough insulin and/or your body’s cells don’t respond normally to the insulin ( • Prediabetes: This type is the stage before Type 2 diabetes. Your blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be officially diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. • Type 1 diabetes: This type is an • Gestational diabetes: This type develops in some people during Other types of diabetes include: • Type 3c diabetes: This form of diabetes happens when your pancreas experiences damage (other than autoimmune damage), which affects its ability to produce insulin. • Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): Like Type 1 diabetes, LADA also results from an autoimmune reaction, but it develops much more slowly than Type 1. People diagnosed with LADA are usually over the age of 30. • Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): MODY, also called monogenic diabet...

What Is Diabetes Mellitus? When you eat a carbohydrate, your body turns it into a sugar called glucose and sends that to your bloodstream. Your pancreas releases insulin, a hormone that helps move glucose from your blood into your cells, which use it for energy. When you have diabetes and don’t get treatment, your body doesn’t use insulin like it should. Too much glucose stays in your blood, a condition usually called high There’s no cure for diabetes. But with treatment and lifestyle changes, you can live a long, healthy life. Diabetes comes in different forms, depending on the cause. Prediabetes Type 1 Diabetes Your genes might cause this type of diabetes. It could also happen because of problems with cells in your pancreas that make insulin. Many of the health problems that can come with type 1 happen because of damage to tiny blood vessels in your • Syringes • Insulin pens that use prefilled cartridges and a thin needle • Jet injectors that use high-pressure air to send a spray of insulin through your skin • Pumps that send insulin through a tube to a catheter under the skin of your belly A test called the If you have type 1 diabetes, you’ll need to make changes including: • Frequent testing of your • Careful meal planning • Daily • Taking insulin and other Type 2 Diabetes When you have Type 2 diabetes is often milder than type 1. But it can still cause major health complications, especially in the tiny blood vessels in your kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Type 2 also raise...

Diabetes mellitus • • • • • • What is Diabetes mellitus? Diabetes mellitus is a condition defined by persistently high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. There are several types of diabetes. The two most common are called type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. During digestion, food is broken down into its basic components. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars, primarily glucose. Glucose is a critically important source of energy for the body's cells. To provide energy to the cells, glucose needs to leave the bloodstream and get inside the cells. An organ in the abdomen called the pancreas produces a hormone called insulin, which is essential to helping glucose get into the body's cells. In a person without diabetes, the pancreas produces more insulin whenever blood levels of glucose rise (for example, after a meal), and the insulin signals the body's cells to take in the glucose. In diabetes, either the pancreas's ability to produce insulin or the cells' response to insulin is altered. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. This means it begins when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks other cells in the body. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells (called beta cells) in the pancreas. This leaves the person with little or no insulin in his or her body. Without insulin, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream rather than entering the cells. As a result, the body cannot use this glucose for energy. In addition, the...

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. Your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t effectively use the insulin it makes. The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood into your cells to be stored or used for energy. If this malfunctions, you may have diabetes. Untreated high blood sugar from diabetes can damage your nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs. But educating yourself about diabetes and taking steps to prevent or manage it can help you protect your health. Diabetes symptoms are caused by rising blood sugar. General symptoms The symptoms of type 1, type 2, and type 1.5 (LADA) are the same, but they occur in a shorter period than types 2 and 1.5. In type 2, the onset tends to be slower. Tingling nerves and slow-healing sores are more common in type 2. Left untreated, type 1, in particular, can lead to The general symptoms of diabetes include: • increased hunger • increased thirst • weight loss • • • • Symptoms in men In addition to the general symptoms of diabetes, • a • • poor muscle strength Symptoms in women • vaginal dryness • • • dry, itchy skin Gestational diabetes Most people who develop gestational diabetes don’t have any symptoms. Healthcare professionals often detect the condition during a routine blood sugar test or oral glucose tolerance test, which is usually performed between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy. In rare cases, a person with gestational diabetes will also experience increased thirst or urina...