Creamy layer

Most of us already know how to make What are the benefits of stabilizing whipped cream? The main benefits of stabilizing whipped cream are to make it last longer and to prevent it from deflating and weeping. By its very nature, whipped cream is a pretty unstable thing: It’s mostly air that is held together by a network of fat molecules from the cream. This makes it a foam, and if you’ve dealt with foams before, you know that they don’t last long — think of a soufflé, for instance. It’s only a matter of minutes (or seconds!) before it deflates, and the billowy, fluffy texture yields to a slumped, unimpressive mush. Whipped cream can suffer the same fate: If not stabilized, the network of fat molecules will collapse, losing the whipped-in air and returning the cream to its liquid state. To prevent a structural disaster and avoid a soupy, unstable mess, though, you can stabilize it by adding Photography by Rick Holbrook; food styling by Kaitlin Wayne To keep When should you stabilize whipped cream? Stabilizing whipped cream lends structural integrity to a stacked dessert. To achieve height in a dessert that is literally built on foam, you need that foam to be sturdy enough for the job. Stabilizing whipped cream also ensures easier portability and resistance to warm temperatures. Lastly, stabilizing whipped cream allows you to make it ahead of time. By contrast, whipped cream that’s used as a ready-to-eat topping, such as garnishing a slice of pie, doesn’t need to be stabilize...

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important : Prelims level : Creamy Layer Mains level : OBC issues A proposal to revise the criteria for defining the “creamy layer” among OBCs has been pending for years, and MPs have raised the issue during the ongoing Monsoon Session of Parliament. What is the Creamy Layer? • Creamy Layer is a concept that sets a threshold within which OBC reservation benefits are applicable. • While there is a 27% quota for OBCs in government jobs and higher educational institutions, those falling within the “creamy layer” cannot get the benefits of this quota. Basis of Creamy Layer • It is based on the recommendation of the Second Backward Classes Commission (Mandal Commission). • The government in 1990 had notified 27% reservation for Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBCs) in vacancies in civil posts and services that are to be filled on direct recruitment. • After this was challenged, the Supreme Court in the Indira Sawhney case (1992) upheld 27% reservation for OBCs, subject to exclusion of the creamy layer. How is it determined? • Following the order in Indra Sawhney, an expert committee headed by Justice (retired) R N Prasad was constituted for fixing the criteria for determining the creamy layer. • In 1993, the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) listed out various categories of people of certain rank/status/income whose children cannot avail the benefit of OBC reservation. • For those not in government, the cur...

Why does government want Supreme Court to reconsider stand on SC/ST creamy layer? The government has asked the Chief Justice of India, Sharad A. Bobde, to refer a September 26, 2018 judgment of a five-judge Bench of the Supreme Court in Jarnail Singh versus Lachhmi Narain Gupta to a larger Bench of seven judges for a review. December 08, 2019 12:02 am | Updated December 13, 2019 01:29 am IST The story so far: On December 2, the What does the government want? The Narendra Modi government wants the Supreme Court to reconsider its stand that socially, educationally and economically advanced “cream” of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) communities should be excluded from the benefits of reservation in government services. SC/ST creamy layer exclusion: what the Supreme Court has said on implementing reservation over the years | The Hindu Analysis podcast The government has asked the Chief Justice of India, Sharad A. Bobde, to refer a Jarnail Singh versus Lachhmi Narain Gupta to a larger Bench of seven judges for a review. The court in the Jarnail Singh case had upheld the applicability of creamy layer to affluent SCs and STs. In Jarnail Singh , the court had agreed with its 12-year-old verdict in the M. Nagaraj case that the creamy layer applied to SCs and STs in order to prevent the socially advanced in a backward community or class from eating the whole cake while leaving the weak among them impoverished. But the government believes that the ‘creamy layer’ will become...

This 7-layer salad is an absolute crowd-pleasing recipe, featuring layers of crunchy veggies, crispy bacon, eggs, and intense cheese in a creamy mayo topping. Some dishes like And since no party is complete without a salad or two, you must try my all-time favorite Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • What is a 7 layer salad? A 7-layer salad is a traditional American salad featuring seven colorful, distinct layers of crunchy lettuce and red onion, sweet cherry tomatoes and green peas, crispy bacon, sharp cheddar, and boiled eggs, topped with a creamy, sweet, and sour dressing. Unlike most salads, it is not tossed together but layered beautifully in a clear trifle bowl (like a Why you’ll love this recipe • Customizable. You can make the OG salad with the classic ingredients or make it your own by tweaking the layers to your liking. • Make ahead. I often assemble the salad the night before. It keeps well in the fridge overnight. • Textures. Can we take a moment to appreciate the soft, crunchy, crispy, and bitey textures in the salad? • Refreshing. This salad is a savior, especially during summer when you run away from hot and hearty meals. Each bite is a small party in your mouth. What I love about this salad is how beautiful the presentation is! It is neat, organized, vibrant, and tasty, all at the same time. Ingredients Needed You only need seven ingredients for the seven layers and a handful more to make a delicious dressing. Here’s what you’ll need: • Iceberg lettuce...

On September 26, the Supreme Court made a What is the creamy layer? The “creamy layer” is the generally small section of people that occupies the top of a marginalised community’s socioeconomic hierarchy. It would include the children of Supreme Court judges, senior bureaucrats and military officers above the rank of colonel belonging to that community. The creamy layer test specifies that a candidate must be below a certain income ceiling in order to avail of reservation in government jobs and educational institutions. Why was it introduced? Originally, reservation for Dalits, Adivasis and the Other Backwards Classes did not specify any income criteria. Neither were any such riders introduced by central or state legislation. The sole basis of reservation was caste. It was the Supreme Court which brought in the concept of the “creamy layer” in 1993 through its judgement in the The principle, however, only applied to the Other Backward Classes, not Dalits and Adivasis, who are acknowledged as the country’s most backward communities. This week’s judgement by a five-judge bench led by Chief Justice Dipak Misra changes the equation, prescribing the “creamy layer” test for all caste-based reservation. In its ruling, the bench argued that being a part of the “creamy layer” allows Dalits and Adivasis to “come out of untouchability or backwardness”. Mirroring earlier judgements, the apex court also argued that excluding the creamy layer will serve the cause of equality since they ...

Synopsis Parliamentary standing on welfare of backward classes which is chaired by BJP MP Ganesh Singh in its report on 'Rationalisation of Creamy Layer in Employment for OBCs in Services and Posts under the control of Government of India' has recommended to raise the ceiling of creamy layer from Rs 8 lakh to Rs 15 lakh, sources in the panel said. The panel in its report has also recommended that the salary and the agriculture income should not be included while calculating the ceiling limit for creamy layer category for OBC reservation, source said. Vishambhar Prasad Nishad, who is member of the panel said the general opinion of all members of the panel is to increase the ceiling limit of creamy layer from Rs 8 lakh to Rs 15 lakh as it drastically reduces the number of candidates from OBCs eligible for 27 per cent reservation in government jobs and for admissions in education institutions. Four state-owned financial entities — Punjab National Bank, Life Insurance Corporation of India, State Bank of India, and Bank of Baroda — that together own just over 45% of UTI Asset Management Company (AMC) are understood to be working on inviting formal bids for selling their stakes, top officials close to the development told ET. • Khanda, who led anti-India protest dies • Flying taxi is top trend at VivaTech in Paris • Biparjoy: Will continue upto midnight, says IMD • IndiGo plane suffers tail strike while... • Purola Love Jihad row: Mahapanchayat cancelled • Ten quick tips to beco...

This was the first Supreme Court Judgment to use the term ‘creamy layer’ as it upheld the policy of reservations in promotions. Justice Krishna Iyer cautioned against the benefits of reservations being cornered by affluent individuals from backward castes. This was detrimental to the ‘weak’ members of the same groups, who were then unable to avail of the benefits of reservations. While these were merely the Court’s observations and not converted into binding law, the Court addressed the creamy layer issue over 15 years after its decision in this case. The Mandal Commission Report (1980) recommended reservations for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in Central Government jobs and Public Sector Undertakings. In 1991, the V.P. Singh Government implemented the Commission’s recommendation, reserving 27% of civil posts and direct recruitment for OBCs. A nine-Judge Bench of the Supreme Court in Indira Sawhney v Union of India upheld reservations for OBCs. However, the Court emphasised that the Government must exclude the ‘creamy layer’ from the benefits of reservations. These were OBC individuals who had attained a certain level of social and economic advancement. The Court deemed these individuals to be ‘as forward as any forward class member’. The Judgment noted that exclusion from reservations on the basis of the creamy layer principle must not hinge on economic criteria alone. However, if the level of economic advancement is so high that it inevitably leads to social advancement,...

• Facebook • Twitter • Pinterest • Email This is neither a frugal recipe nor a healthy one. BUT, And since I aim to please, I’m sharing the recipe today. I’m not sure where the recipe originally came from, but when I was a kid, it was an oft-served dish when company came to visit. If I’m going to eat a very-bad-for-me jello salad, I’m sort of partial to the It’s not very complicated, but it does require a big ol’ stack of jello boxes. You probably won’t be able to find store-brand boxes for the lemon or peach flavors, but it’s easy to find orange, strawberry, and lime in private label varieties. Interestingly enough, when I bought these seven boxes, I was also buying ingredients to make a quadruple recipe of the mandarin orange jello salad for a family birthday gathering, so my cart was chock full of boxed jello and pudding. It was kind of ridiculous. And very out of the ordinary! Anyway. Every other layer of this jello has evaporated milk mixed in with the water, so layers 2, 4, and 6 have an opaque look to them. You can mix up all seven layers at once, or you can mix them up one at a time, which might be a good option if you don’t have tons of smallish bowls! The first layer is just a box of jello, 3/4 cup of boiling water, and then 3/4 cup of cold water. Pour the jello mixture into a 9×13 inch pan (I spray mine with nonstick spray first), and put the pan in the fridge. Your fridge is probably not perfectly level, so you might need to shim your pan a little to make a lev...

Meghan was the Food Editor for Kitchn's Skills content. She's a master of everyday baking, family cooking, and harnessing good light. Meghan approaches food with an eye towards budgeting — both time and money — and having fun. Meghan has a baking and pastry degree, and spent the first 10 years of her career as part of Alton Brown's culinary team. She co-hosts a weekly podcast about food and family called Didn't I Just Feed You. With a vibrant fruit layer bursting with juicy flavor and fresh fruit, and a rich and creamy layer made sweetened condensed milk, you’d hardly think we’d be talking about a jello mold, but we are. And we’re calling it! These delightful no-bake desserts are back. And it’s not just in celebration of retro kitsch. Making a jello mold is as simple as setting almost any liquid with a little bit of gelatin. You barely even have to turn on the stove. The ingenious part is that you can set almost any liquid — fruit juice, milk, even wine — sweetening them to your liking and adding fresh or frozen fruit to bedazzle the whole thing. Even better, you can make one gelatin-fruit juice mixture and divide it, making one half a fruit-studded clear jelly and the other half a creamy opaque layer, then setting the two together to yield a dessert that’s both beautiful and delicious. Trick your guests into thinking you worked on it for hours, when you really only spent about 30 minutes of hands-on time. • Cook mango, pineapple, guava, and papaya juices before gelling. T...

India is a diverse country of various religions and the predominant religion, Hinduism is divided into castes where the upper castes have created a strong social hierarchy to oppress and benefit out of the lower castes. Keeping in mind the social injustices suffered by the lower castes, in 1979, the Mandal Commission, headed by Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal, was the Second Backward Class Commission formed to identify the “socially or educationally backward classes of India”. This commission proposed to give 27% reservation to OBC (Other Backward Classes), which resulted in 49% of jobs for them in public universities and public services. Here in this article, you are going to understand what is the creamy layer? What is a non-creamy layer? and the difference between a creamy and non-creamy layer of OBC. Also, let’s get the knowledge about the civil service exam preparation. This article will let you do the What is the Creamy Layer? Creamy layer is a term used in Sattanathan Commission in 1971, which directed that the “creamy layer” should be excluded from the Creamy Layer Income Limit The creamy layer (income) criteria were defined as annual family income from all sources more than 100,000 rupees (₹ or INR defined by Santhanam committee in 1971, together abbreviated Rs 2.5 lakh) per annum in 1993, and revised to ₹ 4.5 lakh (2004), Rs 6 lakh (2013) and Rs 8 lakh (2017). In October 2015, the Non-Creamy Layer Certificate Non-Creamy Layer Certificate is also known as Other Backward...